Organizing a project deliverable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sorting out a venture deliverable - Essay Example For my exploration, I will concentrate on examining workers concerning their inclination with respect to the low profitability. I will try to comprehend the reasons with respect to why the organization efficiency is faring inadequately, in light of their point of view. Examination information assortment will be through studies, where we disguise representatives personalities will be covered. These will include: Breaking down the discoveries will be simpler attributable to the utilization of close-finished inquiries (Kerzner 2013). In the discoveries, representative evaluations will seem to help impart the degree of the issue from the employees’ perspective. The examination will incorporate the exploration discoveries completely, to think of applicable arrangements neutralizing the current issues. The association of the exploration will involve a blueprint that fuses parts, for example, the presentation, issue articulation, procedure, discoveries, end, answers for the issues, and suggestions. The examination deliverable will be finished with this diagram and plan, expanding the organization’s efficiency through representative inspiration once the expressed issues experience

Software Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Programming Design - Essay Example Engineering is about the User Interface (UI) of a framework (Bass, Len, Paul C., and Rick K., 2003, second Ed.). Programming configuration is an arrangement of arriving at an answer for programming hitches. It mulls over issues to do with similarity, seclusion, bundling, extensibility, vigor, security, adaptation to internal failure and ease of use. In a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), programming engineering structures the essentials that decide the plan of that product by determining the association procedures to be actualized during the subsequent stage of planning. A product configuration report is an elegantly composed and stable depiction (done by the product creator) of the product item sketching out all segments of programming and their proposed functionalities. This record is esteemed to give a total portrayal of the expected final product of the product, while keeping to a quality perspective on the framework. Along these lines, a very much archived awful plan will fill no need on the off chance that it portrays â€Å"space† none existing highlights. It will be smarter to have a decent plan that fits in with the framework engineering and authoritative desires yet without documentation as opposed to a very much reported however inadequately done structure. The nature of any bit of code in a structure would be controlled by utilizing changed code quality estimation methods, for example, center around the essentials of Object Oriented Programming styles and the plan designs; composing of clean (codes that are to the gauges and standards according to the issue); and distinguishing WTFs â€Å"Bad Smells† inside the code (Robert C. Martins). The need to try different things with programming configuration is to assemble data/information about the structure and dissect it by thinking about how the proposed test components would fit entirely into a model expected to meet the exact target set for the test and fulfill the

Cash Advances vs. Check Cashing Stores Which is Worse

Cash Advances vs. Check Cashing Stores Which is Worse Cash Advances vs. Check Cashing Stores: Which is Worse? Cash Advances vs. Check Cashing Stores: Which is Worse?When you need cash and only cash, should you take out a high-interest advance against your credit card or pay to cash a check?These days, most transactions happen electronically. People can send money to one another quite easily through their bank accounts, with apps on their phone, or even over social media!But sometimes, electronic funds just aren’t going to do it. You need cash. Maybe you’re stranded at a rural gas station; maybe you’re buying shawarma at that old-school hole in the wall that won’t take cards; maybe you need $100 in ones so that you can roll around in them on your bed like a fancy boy.Whatever the reason, a need for cash when you don’t have any on hand can leave you real hard-up. If your bank has an ATM nearby, thats your best option, but your other choices aren’t so good. You might end up getting stuck with either a credit card cash advance or going to a check cashing store.Neither option is great , but which option is, um, the least not great? Let’s find out, shall we?What is a cash advance?When you use your credit card to buy something, no physical money changes hands, right? The amount that you paid is simply added to your card balance. You’re essentially borrowing money from your credit card company in order to make a purchaseWell, with a cash advance, you’re also borrowing money from your credit card company. The only difference is that the money you’re borrowing gets handed over to you as some of that sweet, sweet paper.However, taking out a cash advance on your card differs from making a normal credit card charge in two crucial ways.First, most credit cards carry a separate Annual Percentage Rate (APR) for cash advances. And the APR for cash advances is almost always higher. You could have a 15 percent APR on your normal credit card transactions, but a 25 percent APR for cash advances!Secondly, regular transactions on a credit card come with a 30-day grace peri od before interest starts accruing. So if you pay off the card during that period, you won’t get charged any interest at all! Cash advances, on the other hand, have no such grace period. The second the transaction is made, interest starts being charged on the amount withdrawn.What’s a check cashing store?A check cashing store is, well, a store where they will cash your check for you. They oftentimes provide other services too, stuff like payday loans, wire transfers, bill payments, public transportation passes, currency exchange, and mail services.These stores will take your check and charge you a one-time fee in order to cash it. Let’s say you bring in a $500 check and they charge you a two percent fee. That means it would cost you $10 dollars and you’d receive $490 in cash back from them.The fees for cashing your check will vary from business to business, but it’s often at least a couple percent. For instance, Illinois caps check-cashing fees at 2.25% for any check over $100.Check cashing stores are generally aimed at folks who don’t have traditional checking or bank accounts. These are people who receive a physical paycheck and need to have it turned into cash so that they can actually use it. (They can also use the store to transfer their bill payments.)According to a 2015 survey by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), there are over 9 million “unbanked” households in the U.S. However, this is one area of subprime finance where traditional banks are also getting into the game.So which is it? a cash advance or a check cashing store?Regular readers of the Financial Sense blog will probably be able to guess our answer here: it depends.But the reason we say that so often is because it’s almost always true. There are very few hard and fast financial rules that apply to every single person and every single situation. Circumstances will dictate which option is the best one for you.However, we are going to give the win here to check cashing stores for one simple reason: that one-time fee is far preferable to a high APR.Getting a check cashed is safer and (probably) cheaper.A 2016 article in Business Insider from University of Pennsylvania professor Lisa Servon, author of The Unbanking of America, found that customers who used check cashing stores generally reported very high rates of satisfaction. One of the main reasons for this was that the stores’ fees were one-time only and clearly posted where customers could see them.When given a choice between paying a flat, one-time fee or accruing interest over a period of time, the flat, one-time fee is almost always preferable. You pay it, you get it out of the way, and you don’t have to worry about any bill collectors coming after you down the line.Interest, on the other hand, only grows over time. If you’re able to pay off your cash advance immediately, it could very well be the better, cheaper option. But if you let the interest keep accruing, you could end up paying way more than you would have with a cashed check.For reference, a $500 cash advance with a 23 percent APR would accrue almost $10 in interest per month and over $115 in interest over an entire year.So that’s that! If you’re in a bind that only cash can solve, get thee to a check cashing store! Cash advances can do in a pinch, but the higher APR’s make them just a bit more dangerous.To learn more about the dangers of bad credit loans and high interest rates, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Want to Avoid No Credit Check Loans? Build an Emergency FundPayday Loan Rollover: How Short-Term Loans Turn Into Long-Term DebtHow to Finance a Medical Emergency: An OppLoans eBookWhats your preferred way to get some quick cash? We  want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

What Kind Of Parent Style Do You Have - 899 Words

What kind of parent style do you have? Is it Permissive-Neglectful, Permissive-Indulgent, Authoritarian, or Authoritative. Did you know your parent style affects your children. I am writing my paper to take you through the life of a good friend Charlott and her son Allen. Allen is a little boy who very good child that has developed bad habits and behavior problem. Allen has a mom that is high in permissive-indulgent but low authoritarian (263). After I read the effects having this type of parent has on a child, I immediately thought of this little boy. I will discuss about how chapter 6, chapter 9, chapter 11 applied to Allen and his mother. I will also discuss how having a parent that is high in permissive-indulgent but low authoritarian effects Allen, and how what he watched and played affects his behavior. I will also discuss what finally helped him to acknowledge his feelings. Allen James is five years old going on fifteen. He is a very good child, but has had some hard times. Allen was the oldest child of his mother s two kids, his mom had him at eighteen and had no idea how to raise a little boy when she was still a child herself. Since she was so young Charlotte wanted to be more of a friend than a mother to Allen. Charlotte use to allow Allen to chose his own bedtime and he would be up at all hours of the night, while she would be sleep. Charlotte would wake up and Allen would have trashed the house and she would get angry when she would tell him to clean up butShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Developing Your Parenting Style900 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloping Your Parenting Style General Purpose: Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people to use a certain kind of parenting style when they have children. Thesis: The authoritative parenting style is the most effective style for producing children that have desirable traits, such as good morals, obedience, compassion and responsibility. Introduction Attention Getter: My nine year old sister went out for volleyball this year. She learned very fast that she hated serving the ball across theRead MoreParenting Styles, Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive And Uninvolved981 Words   |  4 PagesParenting style has a big impact on how children develop into adults, and there are important implications for their future success. (Ronald Riggio, 2014) How a parent treated their child will follow the child for the rest of its life. Different parenting styles and their punishments that follow can affect the child mentally (psychological disorders) and physically (obesity). While we all know some forms of punishment is uncalled for such as persistence spanking is not typically just punishment butRead MoreTwo Different Mindsets of Parenting: The Chinese and the Western Approach1048 Words   |  5 Pagessets of parenting; Chua says, for instance that Western parents believe that they are strict by forcing their kids practice their instrum ents for 30 minutes a day at most to an hour. This is nothing compared to the Chinese parents that would say the first hour of practice is easy it’s the second or third hour that gets tough (Chua 2011). This shows how forcefully strict the Chinese parents are compared to Western parents. The Chinese parents would say anything that really has to be said to theirRead MoreThe Authoritative Parenting Style By Diane Baumrind891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same techniques that their parents did. Think about how the children of the different parenting styles grew emotionally, mentally and even academically. The authoritative parenting style was first introduced by Diane Baumrind. She created a new system for classifying a person style of parenting. Parenting styles have two important components which are: the parental responsiveness and parental demandingness. The parental responsiveness; being how the parent responds to the child’s needs.Read MoreThe Type Of Parenting As sociated With The Tiger Mother1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn Chua’s book, she contrasts the two sides of parenting styles: what she calls â€Å"Chinese† parenting and â€Å"Western† parenting. â€Å"Chinese† parenting refers to the strict and intense style of upbringing in which the parent has (or tries to exert) complete control over their child. The parent is wholeheartedly focused on honing their child’s skills in school, music, maybe a sport, or any kind of activity considered desirable. These parents have been harshly stereotyped: they are seen as cruel, unreasonableRead MoreDiana Baumrinds Parenting Styles in Psychology784 Words   |  3 Pagesidentified the three parenting styles in psychology, authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, and permissive parenting. All of these parenting styles are seen today throughout everyone’s lives. All of these parenting styles can affect a person differently and studies have shown that de pending on what style a person has been raised with can affect whom that person becomes and how they behave in life. The first style of parenting is authoritarian parenting. In this style of parenting, childrenRead MoreDear Daughter, I have tried my best through the years to teach and steer you in the best direction600 Words   |  3 PagesDear Daughter, I have tried my best through the years to teach and steer you in the best direction I could. Now that you are having your first child, I want to let you know that right now is the time to think about how you will parent. Diana Baumrind showed that there are four kinds of parent styles being the authoritarian, the authoritative, the permissive, and the uninvolved style. The authoritarian parent gives off a strict aurora. â€Å"In this style of parenting, children are expected to followRead MoreThe Influence of Parenting Styles and Attachment Styles on Relationship Designs986 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopmental psychologists will agree that the attachment styles and parenting styles a child receives is the design for the rest of their relationships. The relationship an infant or child has with the primary caregiver is the most important because their adult behaviors are directly influenced from these experiences. This is the basic theory of attachment styles that states that the earliest bonds a child forms correlates to the kinds of relationships people form as adults. Families are theRead MoreParenting Styles Of Parents And Western Parents Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesParenting Styles Long before the birth of a child parents envision what kind of parenting style they want to use, and what kind of future that want their children to have. Soon-to-be parents are submerged into a land of questions and unknowns about everything from the nursery dà ©cor, safety products, old wives tales, and horror stories from the delivery room. There are guides, books, and blogs that can give you all sorts of information about those unknowns, but there really is no guide on how toRead MoreChild Rearing Is The Right Type Of Parents983 Words   |  4 Pagesand I have talked to each other about having a child. We have discussed about the possibilities that could happen if we do decide to go through with it. More importantly, how good of a parent can we become? Will we be able to provide for all the needs of the child? Will we be able to instill the needed values for the child to grow as an upstanding person? How can we be the right type of parents and should we do it the American or the Filipino way? These are the discussions that we have every

How Will Historians Remember The 21st Century - 1880 Words

How will historians remember the 21st Century? I believe that it will be known, when the dust has finally settled, as the Century of the End of Work. Let me explain. A number of authors think (1) that we are entering an economy in which, due to advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and 3-D printing, the marginal cost of most manufactured items will fall close to zero. Consider software: while Windows 10 cost millions of dollars to develop, the cost to Microsoft to pushing out another copy over the internet is essentially nonexistent – about 20 minutes on a virtual server that is probably running dozens of instances of Windows. Consider the 3-D printed car. Once the printer is programmed, depending on the cost of materials, the car is very inexpensive. Consider agriculture. This would seem to be an area resistant to automation and robotics. After all, picking strawberries is labor-intensive. But consider combines and harvesters – wheat cultivation and harvesting of grain and straw is essentially all mechanized now. Consider artificial intelligence. There are enormously erudite and complex debates about whether an AI can become conscious, and the dangers that might arise from that consciousness. These individuals either ignore the question of what consciousness is, or founder on the attempt to find a definition. (â€Å"Being able to produce a narrative about what one is doing while doing it† is perhaps as good a definition as any.) Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Steven Hawking,Show MoreRelatedCan Oral History Be Trusted1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Can Oral History be Trusted† ? The 21st Century, a time we live in where nearly everything is documented. Whether it be written and put into archives or posted on Facebook. Things were much different in the early stage of man up until now. The cave people documented things by writing on walls, but can this be trusted? Even documents that have been written down cannot be trusted so can stories or myths have been written by people in their own diaries or in letters so loved ones be trusted? EssentiallyRead MoreIs Pop Culture Really Making Us Dumb?852 Words   |  4 Pagesthat television and social media actually educate us, and even say things that should be said, but never do. With the rise of all these new types of media in the 21st century like Hollywood films, new TV shows, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. the question is, Is Pop culture actually good for you? Since the start of the 21st century new TV shows and social media have been on the rise. For example Steven Johnson brings up the hit drama 24 that used to come on Fox, the show focused on terrorismRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Day By Day Chronicle Of A Community Under Siege Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Watertown Historical Commission board, she also is an active board member and a curator of the Salem Witch Museum. She has multiple books that have been published about the Salem and the trials that occurred in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. She also holds a fine arts degree from the Massachusetts College of Art. Roach spent 20 years researching archival collections, and discovered that many recent books on the subject are either inaccurate or unsubstantiated about the trials. A lotRead MoreHow Croquet Became A Social Pastime During The 19th Century1344 Words   |  6 Pages The game originally made use of a ball and a mallet Some historians say croquet was intended to be played over a broad playing field; like golf As with any game, there have been revisions made to the standard set of rules and regula1ions in order to keep a game popularized and alluring. John Jaques surely took the role in reproducing the game and made edits in 1857, 1860, and 1864. Croquet became a social pastime during the 17th century, as it was one of few games that could be played by both sexesRead MoreWicca a Religion Based on Earth and Gods Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe New Testament. Hence Christians are lead to believe to transform witches or pagans to Christianity. By the scripture, Christians are taught from promotion of fear and years of misunderstanding of Wicca, as well other pagan religions. This is how the elders of the Christian church got people to believe that Witches are bad with the thought process of Devil worship. During the era of the Roman times, Christianity started to grow and the Church went after Pagans and Witches. Witches convertRead MoreA Radical Analysis And Argument On The Issue Of Lgbtq Rights Movement1733 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, the main focus will be to improve a radical analysis and argument in relation to the topic of LGBTQ rights movements. Injustice has developed during the centuries to be a main problem around the world, especially in the United Sta tes. There are many different issues that injustice addresses. In order to form this, this essay will discuss the history of LGBTQ rights movements since early 1920s. In reference to the position supporting LGBTQ rights movements, the discussion will concentrateRead MoreEffective Teaching Of The Social Studies1440 Words   |  6 Pagesgeography, and history (Minnesota Department of Education, 2013). According to MDE, these standards are necessary as they â€Å"identify the academic knowledge and skills that prepare students for postsecondary education, work, and civic life in the 21st century† (MDE, 2013, p. 1). Effective teachers’ understand that students need to understand â€Å"standard facts, concepts, principles and perspectives that shape social studies, develop deep knowledge in order to make sense of the world, master a body ofRead MoreCivil War Debate On American Rhetoric2775 Words   |  12 Pagestestament to the controversy’s persistence and evol vement in American discourse. The visual, text, and oral sources of the past and present show how controversial an issue, slavery still is in society—it’s an awkward and ignominious stain in American history. The rhetoric of historical figures, historians and average Americans is demonstrative of how the Civil War, made up of multifaceted controversial issues is not dead†¦and not even past. In order to establish why the legacy of the Civil War inducesRead MoreBritish Colonialism Essay example2439 Words   |  10 PagesBritish men died and was evidently the worst British defeat at the hands of a native power in the history of its empire. This was played down by the British crown as nothing more than a minor skirmish, however, since the fall of the British empire, historians have done their share of reviewing, analyzing and critiquing the battle and why is ended in such disaster for the British. The first major piece of work to be written about the Anglo-Zulu war, with a small chapter devoted to the battle of IsandlwanaRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlawing all literary and verbal material that ventured to conflict their beliefs. Thus, censorship became the word to erroneously describe the process of selectively removing and adding content to a literary aspect as an act of cultural abridgment. How then, does the belligerent stance of censorship afflict society? The answer lies embedded into the patchwork of nearly every war in human history: the semantic barrier of mistranslation. Because censorship involves changing a disagreeable literary work

Avid Exiting Free Essays

There are many reasons why I wish to get out of the Avid program. I personally feel like this class isn’t helping me in any way shape or form, I know I’ll do fine without Avid and I want to do electives which I would actually enjoy and would make my remaining two years of high school memorable. This year would be my third year in Avid. We will write a custom essay sample on Avid Exiting or any similar topic only for you Order Now My past two years of Avid have not been enjoyable nor have they helped me. There’s been many cases where I needed help on a question, and would wrote it down as a tutorial question; I stopped doing that once I realized how uncooperative the students were, I would only be helped if a tutor was in our group which was unlikely due to the low amount of tutors we have. The questions other students would write were in no way beneficial to them or the group because they already knew the answer too them. Although some questions were deceiving with their length or appearance to make the question look ‘hard’ they really weren’t. The students would go up and answer it within a minute and sit back down without explaining; when I wanted an explanation I would get it, but with attitude for them not wanting to at least explain how they solved the problem. This irritated me so I soon chose to Just go to tutoring when I needed any sort of help. Although I see why Avid is a well-recognized program, Vie personally had no benefit from it. It’s because of this that I predict exiting from the program won’t affect me. I know Avid will look good in my college transcript but I don’t worry about that since I have pretty good grades and keep them that way. When I need help, I can always go to my teachers for tutoring, as I already do. I’m aware that this is a new ear and a fresh start but if it’s the same thing all over again, I know I would regret staying in the program for yet another year. The only reason Vie chosen to stay in Avid the past two years want to please people who encouraged me to stay but now I shall take a stand for myself. I only have two years left of high school and I want them to be memorable. I want to Join the electives I actually want to be in like culinary arts or yearbook. Vie built up such a negative vibe towards Avid, I’ll only people down if I do stay. Vie been told that as an Avid student I should feel, â€Å"Lucky because there is a list of people waiting to Join Avid hat actually want to be in here and work†. My exiting won’t affect me or the program. Someone who I know will be a great addition to the program would simply replace I respect people’s opinions of why I should stay in Avid but getting out of Avid won’t stop me from being successful. I have high expectations for myself and I know I will strive with or without Avid; and in the end it’s my choice. I am responsible for myself and what I believe is best for me, along with my parent’s of course. My decision is made and I hope I’m given the opportunity to exit the program. By Griswold How to cite Avid Exiting, Papers

Business Corporations Law and Consultants

Question: Discuss about the Business Corporations Law and Consultants. Answer: Introduction The Corporations Act, 2001 lays down various duties which are to be followed by the directors, as well as, the officers of the companies. Such duties are assigned on the directors, as well as, on the officers of the company, as the companies are managed under or by the directors of the company, with the help of the officers. And the directors and the officers are in a position of trust; and their position can be easily used for personal benefits. The duties covered in the act relate to the duty of care, the use of information, and the like (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2016). In the following segments, the case of Vines v ASIC has been discussed to evaluate the duties breached by the executive officers of the company. Vines v ASIC (2006) Geoffrey Vines was a former chief financial officer of the GIO Australia Holdings Limited and he had violated the duty of care regarding the forecasts of profits during the takeover bid (Jacobson, 2007). The ASIC, i.e., Australian Securities and Investments Commission, initially started the civil proceedings, in 2011, against Geoffrey William Vines, along with two other executives, Francis Timothy Robertson and Timothy John Henry Fox in relation to the Part B Statement which was published by the GIO when the takeover bid, in the late 1998, was being carried out (Piper Alderman, 2007). This Part B Statement contained a forecast of profit at $80 million, from the reinsurance division of the GIO. However, the reinsurance division of GIO was exposed to some major allegation due to Hurricane Georges, which struck in September 1998, at the Virgin Island and Puerto Rico. The predecessor of section 181(1) of the Corporations Act, 2001, i.e., section 232(4) of the Corporations Law was alleged to be breached by Vines and the two executives (Webster and Swan, 2007). The directors also failed to exercise the duty of care covered under section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. This matter was majorly related with the rationality of inclusion of the $80 million forecasted profit due to the allegations as a result of exposure to Hurricane Georges (Piper Alderman, 2007). Duties Breached Section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001 contains the provisions regarding the duty of directors to act with care and diligence. As per 180(1) the directors have to discharge their duties and exercise their powers with a degree of care, as well as, diligence, which a prudent person in similar circumstances would do (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016a). As per section 181(1) of the Corporations Act, 2001, the directors, along with the officers of the company, have to act in good faith. As per this section, while discharging their duties and exercising their powers, a director has to do so in good faith, which is in the best interests of the company, and for a proper purpose (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016b). The contravention of both these sections attracts civil penalties stated under section 1317E; under which a declaration of contravention is made by the court. Decision of the Court The Court of Appeal affirmed that the standard of care contained in section 232(4) of the Corporations Law did not require a high order of negligence to established, in comparison to the duty stated under the general law. The court was of the view that the standard of care and diligence, that was applicable on Vines, did extend to the Part B Statements contents. Moreover, the information that was provided did fall in the structure of the due diligence procedure, which was designed to make certain the materially, as well as, adequately finalized disclosures to the shareholders of GIO as per the law, and in such a manner which would safeguard the involved individuals from liability in case a defect is established at a later stage (Webster and Swan, 2007). The Court of Appeal agreed with the earlier findings of Justice Austin regarding the contravention of directors duties by Vines on three instances: When Vines signed the management sign-off regarding the due diligence report, without even taking the requisite positive steps, which required the advise to the due diligence committee of GIO regarding the assumption of the forecasted profit of $80 million. When he did not inform the due diligence committee of GIO that he had no issues with the reliability of the profit forecast of GIO. And when he did not provide the proper attention to the fact, whether or not the reinsurance division of GIO could be attained in the estimated time subsequent to the issuance of the Part B Statement, and prior to the end of the takeover process (Webster and Swan, 2007). Though the contentions of the ASIC regarding some of the issues were overturned and the court held that Vines was not in violation of the duty of care: On November 9, 1998, when Vines made the unqualified statement of management confidence to the board within the reinsurance division of GIO regarding the profit forecast. When Vines did not provide the information pertaining to the basics on the forecast of profit calculations, in the email of November 22, 1998 sent to the due diligence committee and the report of November 17, 1998 which formed the base for the media release (Webster and Swan, 2007). Even though Vines was found to have acted with honesty, the seriousness of contraventions could not grant him relief. And it was held that Vines had to consider, whether or not the material information had to be disclosed, which he was aware about (Stephens Lawyers Consultants, 2007). Upon finding that the directors had indeed breached their director duties, in accordance with the draft of ASIC, the court made the declaration of contravention. And disqualification orders were made for Vines and Robertson for a period of three years, and for Fox, a disqualification order for a period of 12 years was made. The directors were also awarded pecuniary penalty order, as follows: Vines- $100,000; Robertson- $50,000; and Fox- $220,000. Along with this, a compensation order was also passed against Fox for AUS dollar which is equivalent to US$143,750 at the exchange rates of June 3, 1999. The ASIC costs to be paid by the three were Vines- 22%; Robertson- 28%; and Fox- 33% (Jade, 2016). Conclusion From the above case study of Vines v ASIC, it can be summarized that Vines, along with two other directors, i.e., Fox and Robertson had failed in their duties of care and diligence and to act in good faith, by being the executive officers of the company. The verdict of this cases helps in establishing the responsibilities of the executives of the company, especially while preparing the forecasts of profits during a takeover bid. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016a) Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 180. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s180.html [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016b) Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 181. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s181.html [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2016) What are the duties of directors?. [Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/membership/the-informed-director/what-are-the-general-duties-of-directors [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Jacobson, D. (2007) ASIC v Vines Appeal Decided. [Online] Bright Law. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-vines-appeal-decided/ [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Jade. (2016) ASIC v Vines [2006] NSWSC 760. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/1022 [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Piper Alderman. (2007) Piper Alderman Legal Update. [Online] Piper Alderman. Available from: https://www.piperalderman.com.au/__files/f/4017/PA%20eBulletin%20June%202007.pdf [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Stephens Lawyers Consultants. (2007) Corporations Law Update: Recent Decisions About Directors' Duties And Liabilities. [Online] Stephens Lawyers Consultants. Available from: https://www.stephens.com.au/Sites/2196/Images%20Files/Newsletters/October%202007%20-%20Corporations%20Law%20Update.pdf [Accessed on: 16/12/16] Webster, J., and Swan, C. (2007) Focus: Implications Of Vines v ASIC. [Online] Allens. Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ma/fomamay07.htm [Accessed on: 16/12/16]

Occupational Safety and Health Administration an Example of the Topic Scholarship by

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Introduction Need essay sample on "Occupational Safety and Health Administration" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed EPA aims at keeping environment clean from hazardous substances in our environment. Its clients are the population of United Sates specifically and the rest of world globally. There are many people associated and employed including researchers, scientists, doctors, PhDs, masters of biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry and marine biology etc. It is a governmental owned agency working to protect health of people by striving to keep environment clean. EPA is working to clean air from the following hazardous materials. These include, smoke, acidRain, asbestos, Beaches, hazardousWaste, lead, mercury, mold, oilSpills, pesticides, radon, wastes. Undergraduates Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Specialists advise: Buy Essay Papers And Live Free From Troubles A report from Environmental Protection Agency states that environmental air of United States is 100% contaminated with hazardous carcinogenic chemical produced from industries, which exceeds the safety level mark recommend by EPA. According to EPA estimate there are 148 industrial poisons in 60, 803 census tracts (EPA). This toxic concentration of outdoor air also penetrates and equally contaminates indoor air to somewhat same extent and is equally hazardous. Working in closed environment with air conditioner ON does not protect us from this danger because contaminated air gradually penetrates into the indoor air through windows and doors. Students Very Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Essay writer professionals advise: We Write All Kinds Of Papers In addition, different types of chemicals in the environment jointly produce adverse effects and everyone is exposed to these simultaneously, which exaggerates danger to cancerous diseases. These chemicals have saturated the air to the extent that they have broke the standards set by EPA and are producing unsafe health effects, though no such standards were set to study its effects on specific malfunctioning of the body. Though, EPA has listed up to eight dangerous chemical pollutants but now exposure is much more severe and has reached threatening level that each of us is exposed to numerous industrial poisons more than just eight listed by EPA. These toxicants carcinogens are devastating. EPA file suit against Raymark Industries EPA filed a case against Raymark Industries because they were actively involved in asbestos brake manufacturing. EPA filed suit against Raymark Industries, Inc. a former asbestos brake manufacturer in Stratford, Connecticut, to recoup $200 million in past and future federal cleanup costs of polluted soils at the facility and other locations where contamination has spread. The suit also seeks to force the judicial sale of the Raymark property so that redevelopment efforts at the site can be realized. Raymark is a federal Superfund site. (EPA Release 1997) Most dangerous types of environmental contaminants are Pesticides, including insect killers, weed, fungi and rodent control killers and fumigants. Electrical and magnetic lines produced from electromagnetic devices like mobile phones and other electrical devices may have carcinogenic effect. However, increasing distance with such devices, reducing time spent within EMF fields will make its effects minimal. Asbestos, which is mostly used for fire extinguishers and construction material may increase risk to lung cancer with exposure to long period of time. Extreme care should be taken for use of such dangerous chemicals. It is important to seal off the area where work with asbestos containing substance is going on. While working with these types of chemicals it is important to cover completely with masks and gloves. Also formaldehyde gases used in construction processes may have carcinogenic effect. Drinking water is also contaminated with toxins especially the chlorinated water. Research shows that chlorinated water contains toxic by-product of chlorine and long-term exposure to it may cause cancer of colon and bladder. Use of disinfectants in water though may save us from diseases caused by pathogenic organisms but it increases risk of cancer. For diminishing microbial content of water other protective methods should be employed. Using an emergency authority provision of the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA ordered the National Guard to cease artillery training exercises at the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The base sits on top of Cape Cod's sole aquifer that provides drinking water to some 500,000 citizens. This is the first time EPA has used this authority to protect groundwater under an active military range and has been the impetus for other states to investigate similar actions, and for the military to review its practices at other bases. (EPA Release, 2007) Hazards of inhaling passive smoke from cigarette or industrial smoke are more dangerous than other air pollutants.That is smoke from tobacco has more dangerous carcinogenic effect. Radiations generated from various radioactive devices have adverse environmental carcinogenic effects. Cosmic rays, ultraviolet and x-rays, which are ionizing radiations, are carcinogenic. However, long-term exposure to them produces such effects and only after 10-15 years later the effect were produced. Industrial areas expose greater risk to cancer. Smoke emitted from automobiles contains carbon monoxide to threatening level and adds to the bio-contaminants of human breath. Certain carcinogens are unsafe for pregnant woman and may produce birth defects. Nitrogen fertilizers used mainly for crop may cause contamination underground water. Landfills used mainly for dumping in solid wastes may cause excessive toxic carcinogens in underground water. Concentration of lead is also very high in environment. Radon gas produced from radioactive decay increases risk of lung cancer. EPA recommendations against the case Concerned agencies should take important steps improving wastewater purification plant to get eliminate toxic elements from water. In addition, an immense need is to clean superfund sites where toxic-wastes are disposed off and has reached to dangerous level. Additional plants are to remove pollution from drinking and irrigation water. New law and legislation is needed to prohibit manufacturing and working with these dangerous chemicals regarded as carcinogens. Risk of developing cancer varies according to different geographical areas. The need is to modernize working environment with new processing machines and implement new methods of production. Keep cleaning working and residential environment to the maximum. Further step is to recycle and reuse garbage and other chemical by-products to reduce waste products disposal to the minimum extent. In addition, one method is to reverse the chemical reactions and reacting dangerous compounds with reactive chemicals to convert it to usable and beneficial compounds. There is also need to change risk assessment methods because inpiduals susceptibility to these factors varies persely. However, there is also a need to educate people about it and take appropriate measures to reduce carcinogens concentration in environment. Major step is to minimize the exposure of workers at workplace. In the past and present there hasnt been much success in preventing environmental pollution because of the poor planning, weak decisions and inadequate standards set to take control of it. Special need is to save children, patients suffering from CVD, diabetes, and other diseases rendering them to higher risk of cancer, and to save immuno-compromised patients. Because this can increase mortality rate due to cancer in any region where appropriate actions will not be taken. Leukemia is a blood cancer caused by ionizing radiations. These radiations can also cause cancer of lungs, breast and thyroid. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is mostly caused by an additional factor dioxin. Death from these cancers can be reduced by minimizing this exposure to safe-healthy levels. Ignoring to take any appropriate measures is increasing environmental concentrations of carcinogens to lethal levels. This is in turn increasing nationwide cancerous diseases every year. Threat to lymph cancers is also increasing in developed countries especially in industrialized areas. Susceptibility to these carcinogens is worse in patients with diseases of immune system. People with increased risk threats are those with immunocompromised diseases and those with workplace exposures. Further research shows that PCBs can also suppress immune system. It is due the plastics, waxes, carbonless carbon paper etc. It is widely distributed and it is very important to vanish it completely from the environment. Certain other factors, which are though not carcinogens but put adverse effects on the bodys health and immune system that makes a person susceptible to the development of cancer and other diseases. If appropriate actions will not be taken right now then carcinogen levels will continue to rise every year and will make next generation severely affected by it. According to National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS), Cancer is initiated partially or completely by environmental factors. However, there are many more threats posed by these factors. It incurs additional costs of hospitalization, medicines, and loss of employment. In addition, billions of dollars of economic burden is to run new projects to clean heavily polluted environment. Works Cited Hoover, R.N. (1998). U.S. EPA Report On Air Carcinogens. National Cancer Institute. Published 1998 Lichtenstein P. Holm NV, Verkasalo PK, etal. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343:78-85

A Simple Guide to Global Climate Change

A Simple Guide to Global Climate Change A discussion of global climate change, also called global warming, can get very complicated very quickly. Fortunately, it can be explained rather simply. Here are the basics you need to know about climate change: Warmer Land and Sea The climate has warmed and cooled many times during Earth’s geological history, over millions of years. However, the global increase in mean temperature we have observed in the last decades has been both unusually rapid and quite large. It translates to warmer  air  temperatures and warmer sea water almost everywhere on Earth. Less Ice, LessSnow This increase in temperatures has led to increased melting of most of the world’s glaciers. In addition, the thick  Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets are losing volume, and sea ice covers an increasingly small portion of the Arctic while also getting thinner. The winter snow cover in most areas of the U.S. is thinner and does not last as long over the winter. Sea levels are rising, both because of the melting ice, and because warmer water expands and takes up more space. Less Predictable Weather While the word climate refers to long-term statistics on many aspects of temperature and precipitation, weather is a more immediate phenomenon, and is what we feel outside everyday. Global climate change is transforming our experience of weather events in different ways depending on where we live. Common changes include more frequent heavy rain events, regular winter thaws, or persistent droughts. All About the Greenhouse Effect Human activities release in the atmosphere many gases that create a greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases hold back the sun’s energy that had been reflected by Earth’s surface. This heat is then redirected towards the ground, increasing temperatures. Most of the observed warming can be attributed to these gases. How Are Greenhouse Gas Produced? The most important greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide and methane. They are released when we extract, process, and burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for electricity, manufacturing, and transportation. These gases are also produced during industrial activities, when we clear land for housing and farming, and during some agricultural activities. Are Sun Cycles to Blame? The Earth’s surface temperature rises and falls with slight changes during natural sun cycles. However, these solar cycles and the changes they produce are well understood and much less significant than those driven by greenhouse gases. Global Warming Consequences The consequences of global warming include more frequent coastal flooding, heat waves, extreme precipitation events, food insecurity, and urban vulnerability. The global warming consequences are being felt (and will be felt) differently in different parts of the world. Global climate change often affects more those who do not have the economic means to develop ways to adapt to the changes. Of course, climate change affect not only humans but the rest of the living world as well.   Global warming has few positive consequences. Gains in agricultural production, often cited as positive, are easily offset by increases in pest problems (including invasive species), droughts, and severe weather events. We can respond by mitigating global warming, which is to reduce it by curbing greenhouse gas emissions. We can also capture carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas, out of the atmosphere and store it safely on earth. We can, in addition, adapt by investing in infrastructure, transportation, and agriculture in order to continue living with the inevitable changes brought by global warming.    What Can You Do? Most importantly, reduce your greenhouse gas emissions, whether you contribute as an individual or as a business owner.

To what extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work Essay

To what extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work motivation - Essay Example Competent leaders are able to propel an organization ahead through effective management of resources, maintenance of a favorable working environment as well as employee motivation. This paper evaluates the extent, if at all, can leadership style affect employee work motivation. It highlights various motivational strategies applied by leaders to generate contentment and competence among employees. Leadership Style and Employee Motivation Bureaucratic leadership is one of the styles that affect employee motivation. The entire organizational processes are accomplished according to the predetermined procedures, and all employees understand their roles in the process. None of them has a right to change any of the steps involved. Decision making is centralized, with no room for employees to apply their judgment in undertaking the tasks. This leadership style lowers employee motivation and hinders inventiveness. The workers suffer from inferiority complex as they feel that the leader is the only person who can make the right decision. The style leads to dissatisfaction of staff due to monotony and rigidity of leadership (Khurana, 2002). In Laissez-Faire leadership style, the leader focuses on maintaining interest among the workers due to the understanding that they need to be enthusiastic about their work for them to relate effectively with clients. The leader generates employee satisfaction through appreciating workers’ contribution to the accomplishment of organizational goals. Employees appreciate being trusted by the leader. They are allowed to complete various tasks on their own, especially in situations where the leader possesses confidence in their competence. Laissez-Faire leadership is a significant factor for an organization’s success since the leader has the capacity to develop strong working teams among the employees. Such leaders encourage flexible work practices such as developing their own work plan and engaging in activities outside the o rganization where they organize meetings with clients without supervision among other aspects of organizational flexibility. This leadership style allows the employees to own the organizational goals (Gemmill and Oakley, 1992). Charismatic leadership is significant in a leader’s ability to motivate employees. Such leaders possess allure and elegance, which are admired by many people. They have self-belief and confidence that are a major factor for success in leading workers to accomplish tasks. The Charismatic Leader gathers followers through personality and charm, rather than any form of external power or authority. As Conger & Kanungo (1998) observe, charismatic leaders are encouraging to their subordinates and try to pay attention to all. They try to make each person to feel important and appreciated. Reynolds (2000) observes that charismatic leaders encourage employees to feel relaxed when airing their views regarding their work. This is an important strategy that helps i n motivating employees to be inventive and has been core to the success of many organizations. A charismatic leader can be placed at level 5 of Jim Collins leadership hierarchy (Collins, 2001). He/she is determined to promote and accomplish his vision while on the other hand remains modest in his relationship with the subordinates. He/she regards his success as the success of the organization. The leader’s self esteem helps in maintaining confidence to utilize emerging

Online sex offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online sex offenders - Essay Example One of the studies revealed that majority of the online sex offenders have testified to contact sexual activities with their victims who are majorly children. For this reason, all online sex offenders should be held accountable for their actions by facing the full wrath of the law. Furthermore, they should be monitored even after serving their sentence because most of them tend to repeat the same offence. There are two types of online sex offenders; type one are those who knowingly take advantage of the innocence of the minors to seek for sexual activities. The second group is the offenders who unknowingly interact with the minors thinking that they are adult. This second group is tricky because the children propagate the act. However, irrespective of the group, all of them are liable for prosecution because it is believed that all the adults must practice responsible sexual relationships. The online sex offenders upon realizing that their prey is a child they employ various tactics with the sole purpose of winning their trust. Majority of them start with an informal introduction where they portray themselves as humble, reliable and trustworthy individual who can be available to assist the minor in handling emotional issues. After getting to know the minor, the offender takes advantage of them by using the information gathered to seduce the child. At this point, the offender exchange pornographic materials such as the videos and pictures to the minor with the goal of luring them into sexual activities.in addition, some even organizes with the minors for meeting where they engage in physical sexual activities. Lack of proper protection laws provides a platform for these culprits to proceed with this vice without being held accountable. Minor solicitation is acts where by individuals who are more than eighteen years old utilize internet to involve minors in sexual activities. The law dictates that there

Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle Comparison

Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle Comparison Introduction Emotional sufferings are part of humans life. People are overwhelmed by them leading to desperation or even to the acting out of these emotions in a destructive way. Finding a way to cope with these emotions is important. This could be done by various means playing music, doing sports and especially by doing art. I choose the research question: How do Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle cope with their emotional sufferings by doing art? because of two reasons. First of all, I researched artists who dealt with their emotions artistically. I became especially interested in Frida Kahlo an artist of Mexican origin as I am partly Mexican and thus can connect to her. Niki de Saint Phalle has been well-known to me as I have been in France for one year and heard about her famous shooting paintings. Secondly, I started to develop paintings resulting from emotional sufferings myself and became interested in the connection of emotions and their artistic expression. Once I went to a vernissage organized by the Malwerkstatt of the Asklepios Klinik in Gà ¶ttingen. There I saw some paintings done by mentally hurt women who paint regularly. In the following weeks I spent some time in the Malwerkstatt interviewing them about their process of doing art, related feelings and resulting paintings. I became interested in their way of seeing art as a transformation of negative feelings into a piece of art. Doing art has a positive impact on their well-being. However, they cannot fully transform their sufferings into an expressive piece of art. Frida Kahlo, Niki de Saint Phalle and the interviewed mentally hurt women realized the possibility of doing art as a constructive way to express their emotional sufferings. Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle cope with their emotional sufferings to the last extent; going on stage not hiding any more but extricate themselves from expectations. The resulting creation can be seen as a mirror reflecting their inner-self which might be shocking and disapproving. The courage to create is one of the basic principles to start with. In order to cope with the sufferings fully the step these great artists did is essential. Freeing yourself not thinking about assessment anymore giving your sufferings an artistic voice will eventually be constructive and surely improve your emotional state. The focus will be on the analysis and interpretation of the selected artworks in relation to the emotional sufferings expressed through it. Additionally, the transformation into a piece of art will be pointed out. Frida Kahlo ´s expression through paintings, especially self-portraits; stand in contrast to the three-dimensional artwork and shooting paintings done by Niki de Saint Phalle. One painting done by a mentally hurt woman will be taken into account for the analysis. Taking into consideration these two artists I aim to show their different artistic expressions, the creation of innovative, unconventional and evocative art. Frida Kahlo Frida is the only example in the history of art of an artist who tore open her chest and heart to reveal the biological truth of her feelings. The only woman who has expressed in her works an art of the feelings, functions, and creative power of women said her husband Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. Frida Kahlo, an artist of Mexican-German origin, was born in Mexico in 1907.In her life she suffered from physical and emotional pain mainly due to a serious bus accident at the age of 18 that left her with lifelong incapacitating illnesses and a disintegrating body.The metal bar of the bus skewed her body causing her spinal column and pelvis to break. Because of the destroyed uterus Frida could not give birth leading to desperation and loneliness, expressed in her self-portrait Henry Ford Hospital. The physical pain she suffered from this incident marked a turning point in her perception of art. In bed-ridden she started to paint as an expression of her traumatic experiences. She recorded her emotional state in paint. During 1946 up to 1950 she underwent eight operations on her spin. Consequently, she confronted herself with thoughts about her own death visible in the painting The Dream. The impact of the spinal trauma on her continuous sufferings is shown in her self-portrait entit led The Broken column. The coping of her sufferings by painting was the way to improve her well-being or even to keep her alive. Frida Kahlo transformed her emotions into a piece of art which tells her feelings honestly and open. Especially in her lifetime she was one of the rare artists who were not afraid of expressing their emotions through art in such a heartbreaking and shocking way. Her style is dramatic and original. Frida mostly created self-portraits: I paint self-portraits because I am the person I know best. I paint my own reality.Some of Frida ´s self-portraits show her crying, broken up and even bleeding. Frida had the courage to show her body, nude and sick. Her emotions were transformed into a painting, as they were; she wore her heart on canvas. The Broken Column is a self-portrait of Frida Kahlo that shows her sufferings. It is like a X-ray picture from her broken spinal column. The ground color is a tone of yellow, brown and orange. In the foreground she is standing upright; paralyzed like a statue. Her nude body is shown from the hips upwards. Probably, she is not yet ready to expose herself completely nude as she covers the pubic area by holding a white blanket. However, it seems as if in one moment the blanket might fly away because she does not hold it strongly. The torso is split vertically into exactly two mirrored parts. Therefore, the middle part is symmetrical. Frida ´s spinal column is replaced with a broken column which as an ancient element refers back to her bus accident: the source of never ending pain.The spinal column makes it possible to stand upright and indicates self-confidence. It is of psychological and physical importance. Because of the broken column Frida should have lost stability. However, this is prevented by the steel corset. It is in form of a grid like prison bars which keeps the body together but at the same time imprisons her. Similar to the imprisonment by society values and the restricted freedom of movement.Although, being broken she keeps her attitude upright. The head is shifted to the right and supported by the column. By her visible right ear it seems as if she wants to hear something. Her facial expression is lifeless and sad. She is gazing and tears come out of the eyes that express her emotion of pain. The mouth is closed and the lips are slightly pressed together. The hair is loose which stands in contrast to the bounded body. Like in acupuncture the metallic nails of different sizes stick from all directions into her body, face and right side of the blanket.I know that in colloquial Spanish being nailed means estar calvada. In the figurative sense it stands for being cheated on. The nails go back to the relationship with her husband Diego Rivera and coul d refer to his infidelity.In the background a barren desert is shown which is broken up like her infertile body. The atmosphere conveyed by the desert reinforces her pain and loneliness. The horizon cuts the throat like the column divides the body. Frida is alone in the dry and rocky brownish landscape that stands in contrast to her wet tears. The painting has a great impact on me. While taking a look at it for the first time I was overwhelmed and my body was tense. I had the impression of sharing the physical pain. This is because of the openness and brutality done to her body. By this painting Frida shows two sides. Her inner-self; broken, bleeding and her appearance hiding the pain by her upright posture and lifeless face mask. To me Frida ´s strong personality is well shown. I admire her for the courage to depict the pain in such an impressive way as to expose her vulnerability. The painting The Dream shows Frida lying in a wooden bed which floats in the clouds. A yellow blanket covers her body and two pillows are under her head. She is comfortable and has fallen into a deep sleep like the Sleeping Beauty. Her facial expression is calm and without any preoccupations she seems to be lost in her dream. Roots are spreading from the bed end over the whole bed and reaching up to the face having small leaves. A wooden board is fixed on top of the bed. On there a white papier mache skeleton lies like Frida Kahlo. The skeleton holds a bunch of flowers and firecracker are all over his body and legs. This painting shows her willingness to confront with the hardest reality: the end of her human existence. Frida painted her own death as she underwent many serious operations leading to the confrontation of death each time.Frida expresses her death to the maximum by imagining herself as a skeleton.To some this might be extremely shocking to portray oneself already dead. Imagining your own death would be the last thing. To explain why Frida was able to paint her death one can look back to her Mexican origin. She was very much involved in Mexican traditions which includes the celebration of Dia de los Muertos. On this day the welcoming of the dead is celebrated in a colourful way. This shows the fearless attitude Mexicans have towards death. As I am of Mexican origin the connection to the Mexican culture is visible. Personally, I am not shocked because the skeleton does not look in a scary way. He rather seems to be smiling. Additionally, the luminescent and intense yellow coloured blanket makes me think of the power of light. Moreover, the blanket protects Frida ´s body from the thorny branches. However, it seems as if the peaceful tranquillity of the dream can easily be interrupted. Only a spark is necessary to ignite the firecrackers. The painting would turn from a static to a dynamic one. On the right bottom corner the formation of darker clouds might indicate a weather change. Another interpretation could be that the background is meant symbolically. Frida is in heaven where she has gained the freedom from emotional sufferings. The painting Henry Ford Hospital shows Frida lying naked and hemorrhaging up in bed. Her body is twisted with the legs bent and turned to the right side. She covers her pubic bone. The white blanket is partly covered with her blood. Her left hand is close to the thumb and she holds strings which are connected to different symbols. The red cords vein-like ribbonsare connected to six images that symbolize the source of pain and the impact they had on her fertility. The orchid symbolizes her femininity. As it is not integrated in her body the capability of giving birth is not given to her due to the accident. The snail represents the slowness of the miscarriage and is related to her sensation of passing time. In the left corner a machine can be seen which stand for the painful miscarriage due to the technical part of it. In contrast to the bed shown in The Dream this bed seems to be rudimentary and it stands on brown soil. The bed frame is inscribed: on the length side Henry Ford Hospital Detroit and on the narrow side Julio de 1932 F. K.In the background industrial facilities are shown. In combination with the blue greyish sky the depicted grief, desperation and loneliness is stressed.The depiction of these industrial facilities in Detroit could be connected to her bus accident as it was the modern technique being responsible for the accident to occur. This painting is related to the emotion of grief and loneliness after her first miscarriage in the Henry Ford Hospital. The longing to have an own child was obsessive. She was desperately waiting for the baby. Thus the miscarriage hit her very hard. The loss led to a serious depression. In this painting Frida depicts a powerful and coherent statement of inner and outer maternal fracture, loss, and agony. I think that the torture she had to face is clearly expressed trough this painting by her posture and blood. Frida writhes in pain. At first, I was confused why the bed is not in hospital but in a landscape without plants. Like in the Broken Column a brownish and dry landscape is shown on which no plants grow. I think that it stands for her incapability of giving birth. The bars of the bed can be related to the grid visible in the Broken Column. Frida is imprisoned in hospital where she cannot escape from pain. The symbols matched to Frida make me think of a mind-map.However, everything shown cannot be understood at first glance. The symbols can be seen as a puzzle Frida gives to the viewer. A story is to be discovered. Niki de Saint Phalle Niki de Saint Phalle was born in France, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, in 1930. She was a French mixed-media artist and sculptor. Brought up in a conservative family and educated in monastery school Niki was confronted with the strict values held by society. The domestic position of wives was one of the main values that Niki rejected. However, she married young and gave birth to children. When she realized that she led a conventional life an inner conflict arose. Moreover, she had a trauma due to her being abused by her father. An aggression against men developed. Consequently, she had a nervous breakdown and got a treatment in hospital.Like Frida Kahlo she started to express her emotional state right after a serious health problem. After she had left her family behind her main focus became art.Niki de Saint Phalle joined the artist group called Nouveau Realistes in 1960. In the following, Niki created the assemblage Portrait of my lover.In 1961 she created her first shooting paintings which ma de her well known around the world. They were an open door for the recognition of her art works on an international level. Niki de Saint Phalle Portrait of my lover, created in 1961 shows a target, black tie and white shirt attached to a black board. Instead of a man ´s head a target is placed at which the visitors could throw arrows. On the black painted canvas a tie and a men ´s shirt is glued on. The shirt is covered with black droplets. Niki admired Jackson Pollock and could have been influenced by his actions paintings.Therefore, she might have applied great force by throwing the paint on the shirt. The throwing of the arrows is representative for the step to independence. The special feature of this artwork lies in the changed meaning of well-known objects to symbolize a human. Pieces of art created out of ready for use objects are called Ready-Made.By this artwork she has was able to find A fertile outlet for her ferocious rage toward men -and the dominant masculine art establishment via the creative expression of violence. Niki de Saint Phalle ´s performed the creation of her shooting paintings in public. All over the world shooting actions took place. One of these actions is depicted in the above shown photograph. She shocked society by her performance.She shot at a relief with paint so that all the paint spilled out and the painting was bleeding. Her way of doing art by shooting was new as it went against the traditional. The aggressive acts were meant symbolically. By shooting she released herself from the standards, gained in a solid-middle class home and monastery school. The artist secreted plastic bags filled with paint behind paintings, and sculptures; the bags burst when the works were shot by a gun held by Niki.By the act of destruction Niki created a new painting. The dispersion of color plays a role in the spontaneous effect. It seems as if the painting is bleeding. By her shooting paintings she went on stage and showed to public that it is time for action. Not only to let her aggressions out she shot at the painting but as well to make the public aware of the brutal reality at that time.Wars and conflicts were the current issue. The shootings symbolize the power of killing. She acted in an aggressive way towards her pieces of art in the same way as society did with her and their opponents.The sacrificial death of the painting should be a warning to society. Analysis Frida Kahlo expressed her emotional sufferings comprehensibly through self-portraits. One can refer back to the sources of her pain. She portrayed herself as the victim of pain. The background supports the emotion. Niki de Saint Phalle expressed her emotional sufferings in a completely different way. Rather than painting she made use of the role oppressor-victim by performing art. She was not the one suffering from pain but a women standing up fighting back in spite of society values. Niki wanted to be in the role of the aggressor not of the suppressed one. By shooting at it she seems like a beautiful Amazon. This was new for that time to see a women holding a gun in their hands and not being the calm and carrying household woman. Niki violated the traditional role of women. Furthermore, she freed herself from this role she did not to fit in. Niki shot with self-confidence, fearlessness and strength at the painting showing her superiority. She killed the painting but at the same time gave birth to a new one. Death and rebirth are connected in a way that her expression became constructive instead of destructive. Trying to reach public by performing the shooting on a larger scale meaning on inter national shooting session shows the great step she did to make an appeal to others. Killing the painting was her way to get her aggression out.Finally, she reached to overcome and cope with her emotional sufferings by shooting and even more I became addicted to shooting like one becomes addicted to a drug. Blood appears in both of the artistic expressions either in painting as blood droplet out of a wound or as the painting being hurt and bleeding. I was impressed by their courage to go that far in art as to show their own nude and sick body or acting violently by shooting. It is incredible as to what extent they had success. While researching and taking a look at their biographies I realized that both had a male artist who helped them to express. They were usually people who were right in society having a certain influence as a famous painter: Diego Rivera and Jean Tinguely. By expressing art they went on stage not hiding their feelings anymore but choosing a direct confrontation with these. They do not want or can escape any longer. I became interested in the fact that if other people not being artists can cope with their emotional sufferings by doing art. To get an answer I went to the Malwerksatt in the Asklepios Klinikum in Gà ¶ttingen, Germany where mentally hurt women do art once per week for about two hours. I interviewed them about their feelings, experiences with art and took a look at their artworks. Eve Kaboth is in charge of the Malwerkstatt and provides assistance in case of help but does not assess them in any way. This is especially important as it guarantees a free working atmosphere. The women having experienced loss, betrayal and suppression are trying to do art as to improve their well-being. Negative emotions are released leaving them relieved and happy. As to their paintings they mostly do them subconsciously without having a clear idea in mind but which will develop during the process. I took a look at one painting showing clowns covered by coloured oil pastels smashed on the paper. Usually they are afraid of portraying humans. They represent some kind of colourful dream world. A composition of colours in which the forms, lines and objects do not play a significant role. While painting they are relaxed and enjoy it. This painting seems as if the woman is still hiding like the clowns shown in the picture. By this painting it is clear that she is not yet ready to go on stage. The impression I got is that they have not fully overcome the imprisonment by society and confronted themselves with their sufferings. Thus the step of showing everything openly, provocatively in order to fully cope with them is not yet reached. Niki de Saint Phalle and Frida Kahlo, in contrast to the mentally hurt women, reached the highest point they could possibly reach by their expression. Doing art was not restricted by society anymore. Art is an expressive source the artists Niki de Saint Phalle and Frida Kahlo realized. With their moving art they freed themselves but not only this. They went a step further by breaking society values. Frida Kahlo drew herself bleeding, open and naked. Especially at that time when artists were not supposed to express themselves in the painting as if they were the subject. Taking this into consideration one can see parallels to Niki as she was the first woman not being a victim but the aggressor. They realized that emotional sufferings can trigger creativity and be seen as a genesis source of new expressive art. But this is not at all easy to undergo. It requires courage and the refusal to run away from the inner self, unconscious and the unknown. Conclusion To answer the research question How do Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle cope with their emotional sufferings by doing art? I came to the conclusion that both, Frida Kahlo and Niki de Saint Phalle cope with their emotional sufferings by doing art in a different way. Frida Kahlo documented her emotional sufferings by painting, especially self-portraits. The extension of her is Niki de Saint Phalle whose action was art. She created shooting paintings. Emotional sufferings can be beneficial and reinforce a development (out of a crisis new things are created). Without having these experiences and the related emotional sufferings this new expression of art would not have been created. Therefore emotional sufferings can be seen from positive point of view. Creativity, then, can in part be thought of as the capacity to express the demonic constructively. This is what all great artists do. Is there a limit to cope with emotional sufferings by doing art? When is it said not to be ethical? On the one hand the shooting paintings helped Niki to cope with her sufferings but on the other hand she shocked society by her performance. But sometimes it can be good to draw people ´s attention to an issue by shocking them. I think that as long as no humans, animals and ethical principles are hurt by the art process it is legitimate. Bibliography Primary Source: Interview with mentally hurt women and the leader of the workshop. August-October 2009. Asklepios Fachklinikum Gà ¶ttingen in Germany. Secondary Sources: Books: Bauer, Claudia. Frida Kahlo. Mà ¼nchen: Prestel Verlag, 2005. Becker, Monika. Starke Weiblichkeit entfesseln. Niki de Saint Phalle. Berlin: List Taschenbuchverlag, 2005. Diamond, Stephen A. Anger, Madness, and the Daimonic. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999. Herrera, Hayden. Frida Kahlo.Malerin der Schmerzen-Rebellin gegen das Unabà ¤nderliche. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1988. Prignitz-Poda, Helga. Frida Kahlo. Die Malerin und ihr Werk. Mà ¼nchen: Schirmer/Mosel Verlag, 2003. Schrà ¶der, Stefanie. Ein starkes verwundetes Herz Niki de Saint Phalle. Ein Kà ¼nstlerleben.Freiburg: Herde Verlag, 2002. Seemann, Annette von. Ich habe mich in eine Heilige verwandelt. Frida Kahlo.Mà ¼nchen: List Taschenbuch Verlag, 2002. Journals: Goldsmith, Marlene. Abjection and Psychic Deadness In The Paintings of Frida Kahlo. The Psychoanalytical Review Vol.92, No. 6, December 2004. 729-758p. Websites: Brown, Amy. Frida Kahlo an amazing woman. http://www.amybrown.net/women/frida.html Frida by Kahlo. http://www.fbuch.com/fridaby.htm Niki ´s official website. http://www.nikidesaintphalle.com Tate Liverpool Educators ´Pack. http://www.tate.org.uk

Call for Freedom Essay

From the days pilgrims first kissed the land so rich, to the days they proclaimed the songs of liberty, America was indeed â€Å"the land of the free,† as Francis Scott Key once said. Those who flocked to America had the same dreams of freedom which they have been denied the right of in their mother land. They came to America with the pursuit of happiness. Once they obtained their happiness, their new found freedom, they undoubtedly revolted against all those who stood against their beloved treasure. Before any of this could be achieved, many struggled. Tears of anguish, disappear, and agony have been shed through years of hunger and slavery, yet little was done to give people the right to live as if â€Å"all men [were] created equal.† Many groups struggled to get the freedom we now have. I am Joaquin, Necessary to Protect Ourselves, and What Is An American all portray group struggles for freedom, which persuade others to fight for freedom many of us still have not ach ieved through the reader’s appeal to their emotions. I am Joaquin is a story of an immigrant â€Å"lost in a world of confusion.† This epic poem traces the adventure of Joaquin through his courageous deeds, which portray the values of his race. Using â€Å"loaded language† rich in connotations and vivid imagery, the author captures a scene of suffering, not just the suffering of one individual, but of his whole race. Phrases such as, â€Å"I shed the tears of anguish/ as I see my children disappear,† (lines 24-25) and â€Å"I have survived the toils and slavery/ of the fields,† (45-46) creates such imagery and terror in ones heart that they sympathize for the speaker and move them to agree with their call for freedom. The whole poem is a connotation for the speaker’s cry to just accept him for who he is. The reader can sympathize with the speaker’s feeling of rejection. This sympathy leads to acceptance, acceptance of the speaker and his call for freedom. Rejection is one of man’s greate st fears, fear that no one wants to feel. Out of the dread of feeling fear, one is inspired to fight, fight for freedoms they have not yet achieved. A little weaker on its emotional appeal is Malcom X’s interview with Les Crane, Necessary to Protect Ourselves, and What is an American. Malcom X  uses more of a logical and ethical appeal by making comments such as â€Å"I think all of us should be critics of each other. Whenever you can’t stand criticism you can never grow.† This comment, in contrast to the style of those made in I am Joaquin, which were more emotional rather than ethical, creates less of the urge to go out and make a difference. Rather than doing this, it creates a tone of hate, unlike in I am Joaquin where his comments created a tone of sympathy. This hate can be taken many negative ways which may cause someone’s intention to do good by turning to doing wrong by offending someone with criticism. The same tone is created in What is an American. By making Europe seem as a place that takes advantage of its people and makes them work laboriously, the reader is exposed to an anti-European feeling. Such phrases from What is an American as, â€Å"Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose life is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury-can that man call England or any other kingdom his country,† give this anti-European feeling and exaggerates to the truth to appeal to ones ethical senses that one should not have to live under these conditions. These stories do create inspiration, but inspiration that tells one to cause an uprising, which in the end might not be the most effective way to go. With much evaluation and contrast, it can be seen that the most effective call for freedom using appeals to ones emotional side is I am Joaquin. The â€Å"loaded language† rich in meanings and vivid imagery persuades one to go make a difference, a difference that is not only beneficial to themselves, but to generations after.

Databases Is a Structured Collection of Data Essay

According to Business Link â€Å"The database is one of the cornerstones of information technology, and its ability to organize, process and manage information in a structured and controlled manner is key to many aspects of modern business efficiencies.† This paper will define database uses, advantages, and disadvantages as well as recommended changes to an Internet database I currently use. The definition of a database is a structured collection of data or records stored on a computer system. The definition of a database management system (DBMS) is â€Å"a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database† (Webopedia, 2011). â€Å"Databases are used just about everywhere including banks, retail, websites, and warehouses. Banks use databases to keep track of customer accounts, balances, and deposits. Retail stores can use databases to store prices, customer information, sales information, and quantity on hand. Websites use databases to store content, customer login information, and preferences and may store saved user input. Warehouses use databases to manage inventory levels.† Another example would include a bookseller, such as Amazon.com. Amazon.coms database would include title, author, ISBN, product information, reviews, quantity, and price to name few. Databases are used anywhere that data needs to be stored and easily retrieved. The filing cabinet has been replaced by databases. Advantages of using a DBMS are, reducing the amount of time managing data, the ability to analyze data in various ways, promoting a disciplined approach to data management, and improving the quality and consistency of information. One disadvantage is the cost because more than likely outside help will need to be employed to develop the DBMS, which can become very expensive. Another disadvantage is time, developing a database system is very time-consuming because numerous steps are involved. Different types of DBMSs are available from several vendors and the services offered can vary widely. Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle from Oracle  Corporation are two examples of DBMSs. In its most basic form, they both store information with the use of tables. Both use queries to sort, search, and analyze data. They use a backup system to save all information in case of a crash of the system. They are web-based so users can access them from anywhere. They could be tailored to meet business needs. They allow multiple users to access and update information while providing security from unauthorized users. Users are granted access to certain features with the use of passwords and permissions. They both offer reporting capabilities. A number of differences exist between these two DBMSs, the first is the cost, Oracle costs are extremely expensive compared to Microsoft SQL Server. Pricing for Oracle is over 100K, whereas Microsoft SQL Server can be purchased for a couple of thousand. Microsoft SQL Server is used for small-medium sizes companies while Oracle can be used for very large companies. Microsoft SQL can support a couple 1000 users while Oracle can support as little as 10 users, upwards to hundreds of thousands users. Microsoft SQL Server is slower over networks compared to Oracle. Microsoft SQL Server is easier to learn and more user friendly. Microsoft SQL Server has a large community for support, while Oracle has very little in comparison. I have been a collector of Cal Ripken Jr. baseball cards for many years, and I have amassed a collection of close to 2000 different Cal Ripken Jr. baseball cards With this many cards it is hard to keep track of what cards I currently own and their value. I needed a database program where I could have access to my collection in one place. I did some research and found Beckett.com offered a database software program called Beckett Collector Connection. Beckett is an industry leader concerning the collection of sport cards. Anyone who is a serious sport cards card collector knows Beckett is the place to go when wanting to know the value of one’s collection. Beckett Collector Connection has essentially taken all their price guides, put them in a database, and made them available online. It only cost $20 for the initial software and it is an additional $4.95 a month to get the latest sets and prices downloaded from their website. A  collector can list all their cards with ease using Beckett’s learning wizard. Each card or record shows year, set name, card number, and card name. Other columns provide a place where a collector can list the condition and quantity of a specific card they own. A number of the cards include a picture ensuring the collector has listed the right card. A collector can print one of six different reports, or use the report generator to create a custom report. A collector has the option of using Beckett’s auction tools, to create, track, and follow up on multiple Internet auctions based on a collector’s inventory. I have been using this program for quite some time and have found it very beneficial but at the same time, I have noticed ways the database can be improved. For one downloading the newest prices can be very time- consuming, even though I use DSL it can still take an hour. Another improvement I want is to the ability to list older sets, while they do list some older sets many older sets are not listed and prices are missing as well. Last, I would like to have Beckett offer to track your auctions listing through multiple auction platforms, such as eBay instead of just their own auction platform. In conclusion, one can determine that gathering, storing, processing of information using a database gives a company a distinct advantage. Developing a DBMSs is crucial to a company’s productivity, time management and vital to its success. References Business Link. Benefits of Databases. Retrieved from http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/layer?topicId=1075422967 Graham, AJ. How Are Databases Used In The Real World? eHow.com. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5447556_databases-used-real-world.html Webopedia. (2011). Database Management System. Retrieved from http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/database_management_system_DBMS.html

Biography of Ivar the Boneless, Ragnar Lodbroks son

Ivar the Boneless (794–873 CE) was the leader of the Great Viking Army in England, one of three Danish brothers who invaded and planned to take over the entire country in the 9th century CE. According to historical sources, he was a violent man, cruel and fierce.   Key Takeaways: Ivar the Boneless Known For: Leading the Great Viking ArmyAlso Known As: Ivar Ragnarsson, à varr hinn Beinlausi (Ivar the Boneless in Old Norse)Born: ca. 830, DenmarkParents: Ragnar Lodbrok and his wife AslaugKey Accomplishments: Captured and looted several monasteries in England and IrelandDied: 873 in Repton, EnglandFun Fact: His nickname has been alternately translated Ivar the Legless, a metaphor for male impotence; or Ivar the Detestable, a reflection of his character. Early Life The life of Ivar the Boneless is found in several Norse sagas, most particularly the Saga of Ivar Ragnarsson. He was said to be the eldest of three sons of the legendary Swedish Ragnar Lodbrok and his third wife Asalauga. Although Ivar is described in Ragnars Saga as a physically large and extraordinarily strong man, the saga also reports that he was disabled to the extent that he had to be carried about on his shield. The interpretation of his nickname Ivar the Boneless has been a focus of much speculation. Perhaps he suffered from osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition in which a persons bones are cartilaginous. If so, Ivars is the earliest reported case of that in medical history. One explanation suggests that his name in Latin was not exos (boneless) but exosus (detestable or detesting). Others argue that his nickname might also be translated as legless, a metaphor for male impotence.   Battles in Ireland In 854, Ragnar Lodbrok was killed after he was captured by Ælla, the king of Northumberland, who put Ragnar to death in a pit of poisonous snakes. After the news arrived at Ragnars sons in Ireland, Ivar emerged as the primary leader and his brothers went on to raid France and Spain.   In 857, Ivar allied with Olaf the White (820–874), the son of a king of Vestfold in Norway. For a decade or so, Ivar and Olaf raided several monasteries in Ireland, but eventually, the Irish developed defenses against the Viking attacks, and in 863–864, Ivar left Ireland for Northumbria.  Ã‚   The ruins of Lindisfarne Priory, Northumberland, North East England. St Marys church on left. The Priory was the scene of Viking attacks in the 8th and 9th centuries. esp_imaging / Getty Images Plus England and Revenge In Northumbria, Ivar tricked Ælla into allowing him to build a fortress, sending to Denmark for forces that landed in East Anglia  in 864. The new Viking Great Army, or Viking Heathen Army, led by Ivar and his brother Halfdan, took York in 866, and ritually butchered King Ælla the next year. Then in 868, they turned to Nottingham, and in East Anglia in 868–869 where St. Edmund was ritually killed. Ivar is said to have enjoyed inflicting painful deaths.   After the conquest of Northumbria, the Great Army was reinforced by the Summer Army—estimates of military force are about 3,000. In 870, Halfdan led the army against Wessex, and Ivar and Olaf together destroyed Dumbarton, the capital of the Scottish kingdom of Strathclyde. The next year, they returned to Dublin with cargoes of slaves meant for sale in Arabic Spain. Death By 871, Ivar, having captured Northumbria, Scotland, Mercia, and East Anglia, returned to Ireland with 200 ships and a great number of captives of Angles, Britons, and Picts. According to the Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok, before he died, supposedly peacefully, Ivar ordered that his body be buried in a mound on the English shore.   His obituary is recorded in the Irish Annals in the year 873, reading simply Ivar King of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain, ended his life. It doesnt say how he died, or whether he was in Dublin when he died. Ragnar Lodbroks saga says he was buried in England.   Burial In the fall of 873, the Great Army arrived in Repton, where  Ivar the Boneless was apparently buried. Repton, which was one of the ecclesiastical centers of England in the 9th century, was associated with the Mercian royal family. Several kings were buried here, including Aethelbald (757) and Saint Wystan (849). The Army over-wintered (wintersetl) in Repton, driving the Mercian king Burgred into exile and putting one of his thegns, Ceowulf, on the throne. During their occupancy, the Great Army remodeled the site and the church into a defensive enclosure. They excavated a large V-shaped ditch to create a D-shaped fortress, with the long side facing a cliff above the River Trent.   Several groups of burials at Repton are associated with the over-wintering, including one elite burial, Grave 511, thought by some to represent Ivar.   Grave 511 The warrior was at least between 35–45 years old when he died, and he had met with a very violent death, presumably in battle, killed by the thrust of a spear into his eye and a great slashing blow to the top of his left femur, which also removed his genitals. Cuts to the lower vertebrae show he was likely disemboweled.   The individual was robust and  just under six feet tall, taller than most people of his day. He was buried wearing Viking riches including a Thors hammer amulet and an iron sword in a wooden scabbard. A boars tusk and raven/jackdaw humerus were placed between his thighs.  Ã‚   The burial was disturbed in 1686, and there are other Viking-era burials here as well, but 511 was the first one created for the period. Excavators Martin Biddle and Birthe Kjà ¸lbye-Biddle argue that the burial is probably that of Ivar. He was clearly a person of kingly stature, and the disarticulated bones of about 200 men of military age and women were buried around him.   The only other leaders that could be interred in 873–874 were Halfdan, Guthrum, Oscetel, and Anwend, all of whom reportedly left in 874 to carry on the pillaging of England. The man in Grave 511 was tall, but he was not boneless. Sources Arnold, Martin. The Vikings: Wolves of War. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2007Biddle, Martin, and Birthe Kjolbye-Biddle. Repton and the Great Heathen Army, 873–4. Vikings and the Danelaw. Eds. Graham-Campbell, James, et al.: Oxbow Books, 2016. Print.Richards, Julian D. Pagans and Christians at a Frontier: Viking Burial in the Danelaw. Carver, Martin, ed. The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005. pp 383–397Smyth, Alfred P. Scandinavian Kings in the British Isles, 850–880. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.